See also:

• Computers: Programming: Languages: Concurrent  (12)
• Computers: Programming: Operating Systems  (27)

• Await && Locks - An expressive C++ thread synchronization library.
• Bibliography on Threads and Multithreading - Part of the Computer Science Bibliography Collection.
• comp.programming.threads FAQ - Bil Lewis's collection of frequently asked questions.
• comp.programming.threads FAQ - Frequently asked questions (by Bryan O'Sullivan).
• Concurrent Programming: Principles and Practice - This book provides an in-depth overview of underlying principles as well as practical techniques that can be used to design concurrent programs. (Greg Andrews)
• Foundations of Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed Programming - This book teaches the fundamental concepts of multithreaded, parallel and distributed computing. Emphasizes how to solve problems, with correctness the primary concern and performance an important, but secondary, concern. (Gregory R. Andrews)
• Generic Synchronization Policies in C++ - Most uses of synchronization code in multi-threaded applications fall into a small number of high-level “usage patterns”, or what can be called generic synchronization policies (GSPs). This paper illustrates how the use of such GSPs simplify the writing of thread-safe classes. In addition, this paper presents a C++ class library that implements commonly-used GSPs.
• Portable Thread Synchronization using C++ - Provides example C++ classes implementing a series of synchronization objects useful for building portable (Solaris and Win32) multithreaded applications.
• Priority Inheritance Protocols - Use of synchronization mechanisms like semaphores, monitors, and critical regions can lead to uncontrolled priority inversion. [PDF]
• Protothreads - Very lightweight stackless threads; give linear code execution for event-driven systems, designed to use little memory; library is pure C, no platform-specific Assembly; usable with or without OS. Open source, BSD-type license.
• RT++ - Higher order threads for C++; tutorial and reference manual.
• State Threads Library - Small application library for writing fast, highly scalable Internet programs on Unix-like platforms. Open source, MPL or GPL.
• Survey of Threads - Comparing Solaris, Linux, and Windows NT threads.
• Thread Implementation Table - Dave Butenhof's comparison of thread implementations.
• A Thread Performance Comparison - Compares Windows NT and Solaris on a symmetric multiprocessor machine.
• ZThreads - An advanced object-oriented, cross-platform C++ threading and synchronization library. [GPL]

• Maximize Locality, Minimize Contention - Explains why in the concurrent world, locality is a first-order issue that trumps most other performance considerations. Now locality is no longer just about fitting well into cache and RAM, but to avoid scalability busters by keeping tightly coupled data physically close together and separately used data far, far apart. (May 23, 2008)
• Sutter Speaks: The Future of Concurrency - What does the future hold for concurrency? What will happen to the tools and techniques around concurrent programming? In part two of our series, concurrency guru Herb Sutter talks about these issues and what developers need to be reading to understand concurrency. (May 8, 2008)
• Sutter Speaks: A Conversation with the Concurrency Whisperer - Multi- and many-core chips are entering the mainstream — and one of the first software development authorities to take note was C++ expert Herb Sutter. Thanks to his practical insights, a new generation may grok concurrency sooner than previously thought possible. (March 27, 2008)
• Application-Level Abstractions for Lock-Free Data Sharing - Describes lock-free data sharing, otherwise known as "wait-free data sharing" as an alternative to the use of locks. (December 21, 2007)
• Use Lock Hierarchies to Avoid Deadlock - Explains how to use lock hierarchies to avoid deadlock by assigning each shared resource a level that corresponds to its architectural layer. (December 11, 2007)
• Apply Critical Sections Consistently - Critical sections are the One True Tool for guaranteeing mutual exclusion on shared variables. Like most tools, these must be applied consistently, and with the intended meanings. (October 10, 2007)
• Concurrency with Erlang - To avoid problems with shared state working with multiple threads, Vinoski recommends a programming language like Erlang rather than C++ or Java. (September, 2007)
• The Pillars of Concurrency - This article makes the case that a consistent mental model is needed to talk about concurrency. (July 2, 2007)
• Multi-threaded Debugging Techniques - Describes a number of general purpose debugging techniques for multi-threaded applications. (April 23, 2007)
• It's (Not) All Been Done - Every decade or so there is a major revolution in the way software is developed. But, unlike the object and web revolutions, the concurrency revolution can be seen coming. (September, 2006)
• Lock-free Interprocess Communication - Interprocess communication is an essential component of modern software engineering. Often, lock-free IPC is accomplished via special processor commands. This article propose a communication type that requires only atomic writing of processor word from processor cache into main memory and atomic processor word reading from main memory into the processor register or processor cache. (June 15, 2006)
• The Problem with Threads - Argues that for concurrent programming to become mainstream, threads must be discarded as a programming model. Nondeterminism should be judiciously and carefully introduced where needed, and it should be explicit in programs. (May, 2006)
• Software and the Concurrency Revolution - Focuses on the implications of concurrency for software and its consequences for both programming languages and programmers. (Herb Sutter and James Larus) (September, 2005)
• The Free Lunch Is Over: A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software - The biggest sea change in software development since the OO revolution is knocking at the door, and its name is Concurrency. (March, 2005)
• Introduction to Priority Inversion - Gives an introduction to priority inversion and shows a pair of techniques to avoid them. (March, 2002)
• Fundamentals of Multithreading - Technical article, covering Amdahl's Law, latencies and bandwidth, on-chip multiprocessing, Jackson technology, and simultaneous multithreading. (SystemLogic.net) (June 15, 2001)
• volatile - Multithreaded Programmer's Best Friend - Discusses the usage of the volatile keyword in multithreaded C++ programs. (February, 2001)